Noreva, Executive Communication Consultancy

Insights & guides

Who Did What to Whom: The Grammar of Owning a Result

“Mistakes were made.” Four words, and not one of them tells you who made them. That sentence is famous precisely because of what it manages to avoid saying, and the mechanism behind it is a simple, well-understood feature of grammar, not a rare trick.

The Same Event, Told Several Different Ways

Take a single event, a company buying stock, and notice how many grammatically correct ways there are to describe it. “XYZ Corporation bought the stock.” “The stock was bought by XYZ Corporation.” “The stock was bought.” All three sentences can describe the exact same transaction. Only the first makes the buyer the clear, upfront subject of the sentence. The second pushes them to the end. The third removes them entirely.

Linguists describe the participants in an event using roles like agent, the one who causes something to happen, and theme, the thing affected by it. Grammar gives a speaker real choice over which role gets foregrounded as the subject of a sentence, and which one gets pushed to the background or dropped altogether. That choice is rarely neutral.

Where This Shows Up in Business Writing

Consider how often a difficult update gets written using exactly this kind of quiet restructuring.

All three are factually identical. Only the third makes it immediately clear who is responsible. The first two are not lies, and they are not always wrong choices either, but they are a grammatical way of quietly softening or removing accountability, whether the writer intends that effect or not.

This Cuts Both Ways

The same mechanism works in reverse, and just as deliberately, when the news is good. “Costs were reduced by 14 percent” quietly omits who achieved that. “Our team reduced costs by 14 percent” puts the credit exactly where it belongs. Professionals who consistently describe their own wins using agentless, passive constructions are, often without noticing, writing themselves out of credit for their own results.

The choice is not between honesty and dishonesty. Both versions of every sentence above are true. The choice is about whether the sentence structure matches the actual message, ownership when something has gone well, and honest accountability when it has not, rather than defaulting to whichever structure happens to feel safer in the moment.

A Simple Check for Your Own Writing

Before sending a report or status update, it is worth scanning for sentences where the responsible party has quietly disappeared from the grammar, was missed, was delayed, was reduced, and asking whether that absence was a deliberate, appropriate choice, or simply a default that crept in unnoticed.

Because who did what to whom was never just a grammar question. It is usually the real question a reader is trying to answer, whether the sentence makes that easy or not.

Concepts referenced: thematic roles and semantic role labeling, including the agent and theme roles in event descriptions, as studied in computational linguistics research.

Communication Audit

Feedback on how you communicate under pressure

Many professionals receive feedback on their technical performance, but very few receive feedback on how they communicate under pressure.

The Communication Audit is a personalised assessment designed to identify the communication habits that strengthen, or unintentionally weaken, your executive presence. Together we evaluate areas such as persuasive communication, executive language, presentation structure, confidence, cross-cultural communication and overall credibility, and you receive practical recommendations to help you communicate with greater influence.

About the Communication Audit

About the author

Nadia Britz is the founder of Noreva, an executive communication consultancy that helps professionals communicate with greater clarity, confidence and influence. Drawing on psychology, linguistics and executive communication, she works with leaders, technical specialists and global teams to turn expertise into persuasive business communication.

More about Noreva
All articles and guides

Prepare for the moments that matter most.

Book a free consultation

15–30 minutes. English or German. Online worldwide.